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With the technological improvements like light-weighted materials, a change in the practice of geomorphological investigations was noted thanks to the integration of the geophysical approach (Schrott et al., 2003). For a long time, studies of geomorphological landforms were carried out from direct observation of internal structure visible in outcrops or obtained by diggings and corings, thus in a one-dimension. IntroductionġFor the last three decades, geophysical prospecting remarkably increased in geomorphological researches (Schrott and Sass, 2008). Emmanuel Reynard for the comments on a first version of the manuscript, and to the anonymous reviewers. A special thanks to all those who helped in the fieldwork, to Prof. The ERT data for the Cimadera landslide are reported with the permission of the Ufficio dei pericoli naturali, degli incendi e dei progetti of the public administration of the Canton of Ticino. thesis of Laetitia Laigre at the University of Lausanne, under the supervision of Prof. The investigations carried out in the Swiss Rhône Valley are part of the Ph.D. thesis of Cristian Scapozza performed at the University of Lausanne. The investigations carried out in the Petit Mont Rouge and Lapires talus slopes were funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) (project No. la modélisation directe à l’aide de modèles conceptuels, aboutissant à la formulation de recommandations pour l’usage de cette méthode.
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Ces trois exemples permettent de mettre en évidence plusieurs aspects spécifiques liés 1) à la stratégie de prospection de formes très complexes et hétérogènes et 2) à l’interprétation, i.e.
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Trois cas d’étude ont été choisis dans les Alpes suisses pour illustrer les potentialités de la méthode pour l’étude des formes dans des environnements dynamiques de montagne : le premier concerne l’étude de la répartition du pergélisol dans un éboulis de haute altitude situé dans les Alpes valaisannes le second analyse l’architecture de dépôts alluviaux dans la plaine du Rhône suisse le troisième considère la géométrie du glissement rocheux de Cimadera, localisé dans le canton du Tessin. L’élaboration des données basée sur des processus de modélisation directe et inverse consent d’obtenir des tomographies de la répartition des résistivités électriques dans le sous-sol, permettant de déterminer la nature de la sub-surface, la porosité des formations, la présence d’eau et/ou de glace et, à partir de là, de pouvoir caractériser les milieux de sédimentation. La Tomographie des Résistivités Electriques (TRE) est basée sur l’étude de la capacité des formations superficielles à s’opposer au passage d’un courant électrique. Through these three study cases, some specific aspects concerning both the prospecting strategy of complex and heterogeneous landforms and the interpretation, namely modelling based on conceptual models, are highlighted and lead to formulate some recommendations when using this method. Three study cases were chosen in the Swiss Alps to illustrate the potentialities of this method for studying landforms in mountain dynamic environments: the first one concerns the study of permafrost distribution in a high altitude talus slope in the Valais Alps the second one analyses the architecture of fluvial deposits in the Rhône River floodplain and the last one considers the geometry of the Cimadera landslide located in the Ticino Canton. This helps to determine the nature of the subsurface, its rough porosity, the presence of water and/or ice and thus to characterise the environments of deposition. The data processing based on forward and inverse modelling process allows obtaining tomographies of the electrical resistivities distribution in the ground.
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The Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a method based on the study of the capacity of the subsurface to resist to an electrical current.